The Study of International Copyright Law

The Study of International Copyright Law Developmental Evaluation One of the best issues which outsiders when all is said in done and remote understudies specifically experience as they get acquainted with the new spot and its conventions and social cooperation is the law and its numerous issues, in particular the copyright law.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Study of International Copyright Law explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Devoting these meetings to showing remote understudies the quirks of the copyright law in the U. S. also, contrasting it with the frameworks of copyright law existing in different nations, one can help individuals to stay away from various upsetting clashes and false impressions. Workhouse Sessions during the time spent the meeting I attempted to assist understudies with speculation all alone, making the correct condition for investigative and basic reasoning. Giving them indicates with the goal that they could get the general thought of the subject, I c ould promote on depend on their criticism and their energetic support. It was of critical significance to drive understudies to the possibility that copyright laws in various nations may shift. As the understudies understood this reality, it was important to drive certain equals with the copyright laws in various nations before continuing to the possibility of the global copyright law. One of the most significant pieces of the exercises was the modification if the material learned in the past meetings, for this helped understudies to follow the distinctions in the copyright law frameworks of various states. Conversations Another significant piece of the meetings was the conversations of the educated material and further advancement of the point. Working in little gatherings, the understudies could recollect the material better and build up their own basic reasoning and deductive capacities. Summative Evaluation One of the quirks of the given meetings would be the way that the unders tudies will have the option to survey the exercises themselves. Such methodology will assist with acquiring most target results and will prompt disposing of any potential false impressions concerning both the material and the picking up sessions.Advertising Looking for exposition on instruction? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aims Achieved With assistance of a little review which understudies will be given it will be conceivable to acknowledge whether they discover the exercises helpful themselves. In this way, responding to such inquiries as what the significance of the substance to the given student’s individual work was, one will have the option to survey the information got during the course. What's more, the data accumulated will give an honest and target representation of an educator. Criticism Another significant piece of the exercise meetings is the conversation of the material got the hang of during the exe rcise. In discussions and conversations of all parts of the data got the understudies will have the option to build up their abilities to impart; likewise, they will have the option to get familiar with the complicacies of the global copyright law quicker. It merits referencing that such arrangement of learning will likewise build up the students’ capacity to pass on their closely-held conviction concerning significant issues and take the restricting supposition with due regard. Students’ Evaluation One of the parts which the understudies will like is the individual basic assessment of the instructor and the courses all in all. As the understudies give their impressions concerning the manner in which the instructor disclosed the material to them, it will be conceivable to consider the teacher’s come closer from different perspectives. In this way, the understudies will add to the molding of the teacher’s individual experience also. Students’ Ideas and Suggestions It must be additionally remembered that the course was intended to assist understudies with orientating themselves better in the current copyright framework; along these lines, each student’s individual impression of the exercise will be viewed as a significant snippet of data. In this way, with assistance of the second piece of the overview, it will be conceivable to see if the experience was important for the understudies or not. Self-Assessment With assistance of the previously mentioned exercise meetings, the understudies will have the option to acquire further information regarding the matter. To assess the impact that the courses will have on the understudies, it will be important to develop the assessment plan. It appears that the most sensible structure will glance in the accompanying manner: the valuable experience which I acquired during the classes; my own impressions of the understudies and the classes; students’ thoughts of my instructing S ince the exercises will furnish me with the valuable authentic experience which I will use for my further self-improvement, the exercise meetings and the review will furnish me with the data which is generally significant for my expert competency.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Study of International Copyright Law explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More With assistance of the evaluate and the proposals which the understudies will furnish me with, it is conceivable to proceed with the expert turn of events, mulling over the issues which the understudies will direct me toward. Furthermore, it is critical that the study incorporates both the basic assessment of the instructor and the proposals which the understudies can provide for improve the course of the exercises and the methodology of the educator. With assistance of this huge issue it will be conceivable to proceed with self-improvement. It additionally appears to me that the studentsâ€⠄¢ conduct and demeanor towards the learning material will foreordain my thoughts of the workshop and its incentive for me and for them. For whatever length of time that the understudies will discover the meetings intriguing and helpful regarding their insight into outside and worldwide law, it will be certain that the exercises have demonstrated valuable and fascinating for them. This is the students’ experience which will be of vital significance for me.

Making Research Decisions Essay

Part 12 †Discussion Questions (Making Research Decisions) # 5 a Yesâ€Dependsâ€No: One issue would be that â€Å"depends† is ambiguous and doesn’t give reasons regarding why somebody would pick â€Å"no† sooner or later and â€Å"yes† at another. An approach to improve this is include a â€Å"please describe† line or change the wording all together. It is extremely unlikely to communicate â€Å"don’t know† or â€Å"undecided†. b Excellentâ€Goodâ€Fairâ€Poor: One issue with this would be that it might not have as substantial a measure as state a 8 point scale, â€Å"as the quantity of scale focuses builds, the unwavering quality of the measure increments. Second, in certain examinations, scales with 11 focuses may deliver more legitimate outcomes than 3-, 5-, or 7-point scales† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). What might be â€Å"good† to somebody might be â€Å"fair† to another. c Excellentâ€Goodâ€Averageâ€Fairâ€Poor: People may experience difficulty differentiating among â€Å"good† and â€Å"average† on the grounds that shouldn’t â€Å"average† as of now be â€Å"good†? d Strongly Approveâ€Approveâ€Uncertainâ€Disapprove†Strongly Disapprove: An issue with this would be that it is an uneven scale, â€Å"unequal number of great and horrible reaction choices† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). Section 5 †Discussion Questions (Terms in Review) # 1-3 1. a Purpose: This is one way that supervisors can contemplate and picked data. Along these lines assesses the â€Å"explicit or concealed motivation of the data source† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). b Scope: The extension applies to the substance of the data and the degree to which it covers, for example, any sort of constraints or timespan touchy information. c Authority: This factor takes a gander at the quality and level of the data, for instance what the source certifications are and whether it is essential, optional or tertiary. d Audience: This has to do with the sort, a particular attributes, of individuals or gatherings of individuals â€Å"for whom the source was created† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). e Format: This has to do with the manner in which the information is introduced â€Å"and the level of simplicity of finding explicit data inside the source† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). 2. Characterize the differentiations between essential, auxiliary, a nd tertiary sources in an optional pursuit. An essential source is one that utilizes a legitimate unique work, for example, crude information and is the most substantial kind of information. Auxiliary sources decipher the information and research from an essential source, a case of this would be a course book or news story. A tertiary source is one that presents and deciphers information that has been found from optional sources. 3. What issues of optional information quality must analysts face? How might they manage them? Perhaps the most concerning issue with optional information is the way that the data being citied is a translation of the first information. The most ideal approach to keep away from an error of the information is to search for the first or essential source that is referenced in the auxiliary source and legitimately statement or utilize the information from that. This will dispense with the opportunity of having misjudged information placed into a significant undertaking and it will loan you an extra source. Scientists ought to assess and choose data sources dependent on the 5 elements. Peruse the contextual investigation, State Farm: Dangerous Intersections. Answer conversation addresses 1 through 5. 1. Recognize the different builds and ideas engaged with the examination. To respond to this inquiry we should characterize what an idea and develop is, â€Å"an picture or thought explicitly imagined for a given research and additionally hypothesis building purpose† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). An idea is â€Å"a heap of implications or qualities related with specific occasions, objects, conditions, circumstances, or behaviors† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). A build of this examination is that if State Farm offers cash to the conditions of perilous convergences to fix them this will diminish the measure of cases here because of the crossing point getting more secure because of interchange develop. An idea would be that State Farm thinks about their clients. Another build would be that the measure of cases in a given crossing point is because of poor develop. Another idea would be that State Farm needs to help states to improve their crossing points. 2. What speculation may drive the exploration of one of the urban communities on the best 10 †¨dangerous convergence list? A case of a theory that may impact the examination of one of the best 10 perilous crossing point rundown would be â€Å"This convergence is one of the main ten most hazardous convergences in the United States† or â€Å"This convergence is the place half of the states mishap claims occur.† 3. Assess the technique for State Farm’s investigate. I would state that State Farm’s procedure is concrete since it indicates precisely what the factors are and how the investigation is developed. They additionally executed an estimation framework for grouping mishaps. 4. On the off chance that you were State Farm, how might you address the worries of transportation engineers? I would give recommendations of what the builds of the most secure crossing points in a tantamount size city are and help the designers think of a strong and safe intend to reproduce the convergence. I would need to ensure the specialists comprehended the possibility of future examinations just as how the award could help them. 5. On the off chance that you were State Farm, OK use traffic volume considers some portion of the †¨2003 study? What concerns, other than those communicated by Nepomuceno, do you have? My interests would be outdated information. That information would be very nearly ten years of age and may not be the most precise now. I would need to finish progressively significant information for state the most recent 5 years. I would think it as judicious to incorporate traffic volume tallies and contrast them with various territories provided that there is less traffic at a given site there is all the more then likely going to be less mishaps. I would propose to utilize various investigations that think about various volume includes in various geographic regions to make the measurements progressively complete.

In Case You Were Wondering

In Case You Were Wondering… 7:48 AM The view from my window If you crane your neck, you can see the distant glint of the Charles. If you dont feel like craning your neck, you can see a silver SUV trundling down Mass Ave. My room has one tiny window (this one) and one larger window facing east, which let in a fair amount of sunlight, especially when we forget to pull down the blinds. There is a nice view of Building 1 and a pleasant reminder that even when the weather gets atrocious, the warmth of the infinite is only a short sprint away. Twenty minutes before 8 AM, I wake up to the pleasant phone noises that constitute my alarm clock, leaving me just enough time to dress myself and perform my morning rituals (namely brushing my teeth and popping my contacts out, among other things) before I need to be at the Z center for morning lifting. 7:53 AM The view as soon as you step out of Maseeh Normally being out of bed before 9:30 AM, let alone 8 AM, would be a horrifying thought. But on this particular day, I feel good, having slept 8 hours the night before, a solid number by anyones standards. As you can see, Maseeh is a convenient stroll away from the student center (the light brown building in the distance), and extremely close to the chapel (currently under construction). In fact, Maseeh is conveniently close to a lot of things, something I grow more and more thankful of as the temperature numbers begin flirting with freezing. 7:57 AM One of the many hallways of the Z center The Z center (more formally known as the Zesiger Sports and Fitness Center) is home to the varsity weight room, my destination this fine morning. Tennis off-season consists entirely of optional lifting, conditioning, and open tennis court times. Last year, I was a horrible potato and somehow convinced myself that I didn’t have time to exercise, so this year, I made a promise to myself that I would make the time. So far so good. 7:58 AM The varsity weight room 2 minutes before lifting, I sit in a corner and nibble on a breakfast cracker, contemplating the tiny dirt balls that are minding their own business in the floor crevices. 9:01 AM Ava 16 and Elysa 17. I see them rolling. Ava is so speedy her face is a blur. Its certainly not because I have shaky hands and cant take focused photos on my phone Word of advice: always lift with buddies. Buddies can keep large heavy objects from squashing you and they are also amazing support to have when you feel like melting into a puddle of tired person. After lifting, Ava guest swipes me into the McCormick dining hall and I enjoy a delicious vegetable omelet and half a grapefruit. Having eaten my fill, I head back to my dorm room and start catching up on my HASS reading for Neuroscience and Society. 11:26 AM The front of the Media Lab I have an appointment at 11:30 AM with a member of the Personal Robots Group as a participant in a research study on human-robot interactions. The email I had been forwarded promised a small robot as thanks in return for 15 minutes of my day, and because I am a shameless lover of free things, I signed up immediately. The study actually only took about 8 minutes and involved smashing things with a hammer: The Emperors New Groove is perhaps one of my favorite Disney movies from my childhood. 11:40 AM My tiny robot! You can tell Im walking because Ive accidentally included my foot in this photo. What you cant tell is how satisfied I am with my tiny robot prize, mostly because fingers cant express any emotion and my wonderfully expressive face isnt in the photo. The tiny robot is currently sitting on my desk unopened, but in a few weeks, once my schedule lightens up, Ill eventually get around to opening it up. Since I dont usually have class until 1pm (which is technically just office hours for 20.110 Thermodynamics of Biomolecular Systems), I still have plenty of time to eat and peruse more HASS readings. Luckily for me, since we just recently took our third 20.110 midterm on Wednesday, OH is cancelled and I only have 1 hour of class today: STS.010 Neuroscience and Society lecture. 2:05 PM Professor Schull about to begin lecture Todays lecture is titled Enhancing the Brain and we discuss the social and ethical implications of present and future possibilities for neuroenhancement, especially via new pharmaceutical methods. Once 2:55 PM hits, Im free for the rest of the day! At 4 PM, I head to the turf for an hour of off-season conditioning, open to all off-season varsity athletes Tuesdays and Thursdays. Despite the biting chill and the discomfort in my exposed ear tips, all the running and jumping up and down keeps me warm. For the most part. 5:05 PM The inside of the J.B. Carr Tennis Bubble Right after conditioning, its back into the bubble for another hour of tennis practice with Elysa 17. There are four tennis courts inside the bubble and thankfully court rentals are free to all MIT students between 2 PM 6 PM every day. Making reservations is just one simple phone call away. After dinner at McCormick (my go to dorm for dining these days), Im back in my room with absolutely nothing to do. I use the term absolutely nothing to do in the sense that my next pset isnt due until Monday and I have no exams until after Thanksgiving. The feeling of weightlessness is amazing and I take a note to savor moments like these, especially considering how terrible some weeks can get. The rest of my night is so relaxed and boring that I dont even bother taking pictures. Evening activities included: snack-munching, internet-browsing, and writing of frivolous things. Oh yes, and plenty of sleep. Sometimes that happens around here, sleep I mean. And when it does (which can actually be more frequent than it is made out to be, depending of course on your time management skills and prioritization of sleep over things like The Internet), it feels glorious. Thursday was a reminder that some days are crazy, some days are hard, some days are amazingly fun, and some days are just plain normal, something that I think gets lost in all of the excitement that does go on here. Everyday is different, and Im thankful for that.

Internship Assessment Counselor of Domestic and Substance...

Internship Assessment Internship Assessment My internship as a counselor of domestic and substance abuse was challenging and practical. I came into contact with domestic violence defendants, substance abuse defendants, as well as DUI first second time offenders. These are people who have problems with impulse control, some emotional instability, and people who need to reevaluate how they make their choices. Having an internship in this environment and with these populations helped me realized what natural skills I have in the area of counseling and in which areas I need to improve as I continue my education and career. The experience I had in my internship solidified my interest in pursuing a career in counseling. This internship provided me with very practical insight and experiences into the work life of a counselor with these kinds of populations. I have a much clearer idea of what kind of demands would be upon me professionally and personally. My internship experience ultimately put me in a better position from which to decide in which direction my career path will go. I have a natural ability to connect with the people to whom I provide services. I am a strong and active listener. I have an innate and fairly accurate sense of character. These traits help me assess the clients during intake and during treatment. What I lack is a theoretical background and approach in my work. I need to become more literate in the theoretical branches of counseling, withShow MoreRelatedSocial Work Career And Job Search1193 Words   |  5 Pagessetting. The down side of all this growth is that a great deal of th ese social workers will be employed by government agencies and due to state and federal budgets, funding for these programs may become limited. Employees in the mental health and substance abuse fields can expect a growth of approximately 23% from 2012 to 2022, as well. Types of degrees required in the social work field. The social work field has a variety of positions available to meet the occupational desires of many different peopleRead MoreMy Purpose For Pursue A Doctorate Degree Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesMy purpose for seeking to pursue a doctorate degree is to enhance my knowledge of theories, research methods and assessment as it relates to psychology. More specifically, I would like to fine tune my skill set of executing varying concepts and techniques derived from theoretical discourses applicable to my work as a Psychologist and in so doing, obtain credibility within the field and among colleagues. I also believe, like Abraham Maslow in his theory of Human motivation, in becoming a lifelongRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesimportant for graduate school. Identify specific areas of interest and note one or two research topics that interest you the most. Demonstrate your understanding of ―theoryâ€â€" an d your knowledge of disciplinary-specific methodologies. 3. 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Then they conduct basic mathematics and English skills training classes at workplace sites for employees with deficiencies. Some employers also sponsor programs for employees and their family members to aid them in obtaining generalRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesthe first issues will be to attract good people for your organization. b. To Develop People Development is related to provide the opportunities for training and development to match the skills to job in particular areas. It requires careful need assessment for training and selecting effective training methods and tools. Afte r attracting/selecting, Continuous development of workforce of the organization leads towards development of the organization. So that they will start playing their important roleRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesConflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect OrganizationalRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesactions. Similarly, she could have gone into more detail regard.. ing her motivations for such drastic action. Starting a not-for..profit is not necessarily the most obvious answer to the problems she discov... ered. The author not only has the substance that makes her memorable, she also tells the story in a manner that resonates. The imagery and voice of the young boy from Harlem who asked, that his dollar be spent in Africa is indelibly etched on the readers memory long after completing the essay

American Government And Political Science Essay - 1258 Words

Throughout my academic career, I have had the opportunity to take a number of American government classes that ranged from studying original concepts, during the foundation of our country, to analyzing more recent events and policies that have taken place during my life. When I started Political Science 101, I was under the impression that I would be doing more review of American government. As the semester continued, I gained a variety of new ideas and perspectives that were unlike anything I had learned in previous courses. There is no question that debates and discussions have been an integral portion of American government courses. One aspect that varied in Political Science 101 was the introduction of topics, that were important in current discussions and debates about government and politics, which were necessary to building a well-rounded understanding of the subject. Lessons and discussions regarding political socialization (Week 6), the debate over the U.S. being an Oligarch y(Week 2), and the media as the fourth estate (Week 6) were topics that had never been introduced to me (even though were essential to understanding issues regarding government and politics). Unlike other courses that study more social and popular topics in government, this course familiarizes students with subjects that examine the atmosphere of the government and causes the student to comprehend other matters that contribute to its current state. Another aspect of the class that caught myShow MoreRelatedPolitics And Progress : The Emergence Of American Political Science1013 Words   |  5 Pagesand Progress: The Emergence of American Political Science by Dennis Mahoney is an account of the origins of contemporary political science in the Progressive Movement. 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I’ve never been the most civically-minded person so I was not quiteRead MoreThe Five Paradigms Of Public Administration1196 Words   |  5 Pagesparadigms of Public Administration will be discussed here to indicate that Public Administration is new unique synthesizing field. This is because many conceived that Public Administration as a discipline is an amalgam of organization theory, management science and the concept of public interest. It is now, time to time establish itself as an institutionally autonomous enterprise in colleges and universities in order to retain i ts social relevance and worth. Paradigm:1, The politics/Administration: The concentrationRead MorePolitical And Political Theories Of Political Science858 Words   |  4 Pagesprior experience in politics before achieving the seat they now hold. Many of these politicians have backgrounds in Political Science that gave them the knowledge to pursue politics. Political Scientists study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. They research ideas that will help them analyze government policies, trends and other political issues. Political Science is a highly competitive field that requires many skills to achieve a job within the industry. However, once theRead MoreIntroduction To Political Science. Unit 2 Assignment. Write888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Political Science Unit 2 Assignment Write a one page document covering the following: Define political culture. â€Å"American political culture puts a special emphasis on hard work, and is rife with stories of successful businessmen and leaders. (USHistory.org, 2016)† Political culture is the attitudes, convictions, and conclusions which give order and intending to a political process and which give the hidden presumptions and guidelines that represent conduct in the political frameworkRead More My New Political Ideology Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A population’s views on political issues may change as different circumstances occur each day. The environment around us has a powerful influence on the decisions that we produce and the views that we as American citizens choose to hold. After a semester in political science class my views and my political ideology have altered. Today I will explain how political science class has influenced my political ideology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When this class initially began I was sure, without a doubt I was a conservativeRead MoreMy Political Ideology1142 Words   |  5 PagesMy New Political Ideology A populations views on political issues may change as different circumstances occur each day. The environment around us has a powerful influence on the decisions that we produce and the views that we as American citizens choose to hold. After a semester in political science class my views and my political ideology have altered. Today I will explain how political science class has influenced my political ideology. When this class initially began I was sure, without

Safeguarding Childhood and Young People Free Essays

Portfolio Evidence 10 Safeguarding Describe how legislation, policies and procedures regarding safeguarding impact on own role in the workplace As a youth worker I have the obligation in my role to know policies and procedures that are in place for safeguarding. Taking into consideration the five outcomes identified by Every Child Matters 1. Protection from harm and neglect (to stay safe) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding: Childhood and Young People or any similar topic only for you Order Now Physical and mental health and emotional well-being (to be healthy) 3. Education training and recreation (to enjoy and achieve) 4. Social and economic well being (to achieve economic well being) 5. The contribution made by them to society (to make a positive contribution) It is vital that every person who works with children and young people should be able to recognise and know how to respond should they be concerned or be aware that a child is, or may be, at risk of significant harm. The policy highlights key issues and recommends actions when dealing with an allegation. These key issues include recruitment policies for those working with children and young people, their induction and training, how to respond to disclosures, how to make a referral, suspicions or allegations of abuse. These policies and procedures are there to protect me and colleague’s as well young people. Describe the issues which may arise in implementing safeguarding procedures * I could have a too good relationship or not have a good relationship with the young person. * I might not have enough knowledge about the situation * People being reported are close to me. How to cite Safeguarding: Childhood and Young People, Essay examples Safeguarding Childhood and Young People Free Essays Portfolio Evidence 10 Safeguarding Describe how legislation, policies and procedures regarding safeguarding impact on own role in the workplace As a youth worker I have the obligation in my role to know policies and procedures that are in place for safeguarding. Taking into consideration the five outcomes identified by Every Child Matters 1. Protection from harm and neglect (to stay safe) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding: Childhood and Young People or any similar topic only for you Order Now Physical and mental health and emotional well-being (to be healthy) 3. Education training and recreation (to enjoy and achieve) 4. Social and economic well being (to achieve economic well being) 5. The contribution made by them to society (to make a positive contribution) It is vital that every person who works with children and young people should be able to recognise and know how to respond should they be concerned or be aware that a child is, or may be, at risk of significant harm. The policy highlights key issues and recommends actions when dealing with an allegation. These key issues include recruitment policies for those working with children and young people, their induction and training, how to respond to disclosures, how to make a referral, suspicions or allegations of abuse. These policies and procedures are there to protect me and colleague’s as well young people. Describe the issues which may arise in implementing safeguarding procedures * I could have a too good relationship or not have a good relationship with the young person. * I might not have enough knowledge about the situation * People being reported are close to me. How to cite Safeguarding: Childhood and Young People, Papers

Case of Harshad Mehta free essay sample

Harshad Mehta aka Deep Chhaya was an Indian stockbroker and is alleged to have engineered the rise in the BSE stock exchange in the year 1992. Exploiting several loopholes in the banking system, Mehta and his associates siphoned off funds from inter-bank transactions and bought shares heavily at a premium across many segments, triggering a rise in the Sensex. When the scheme was exposed, the banks started demanding the money back, causing the collapse. He was later charged with 72 criminal offenses and more than 600 civil action suits were filed against him. He died in 2002 with many litigations still pending against him. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Stock Market Scandal 3 External links 4 References Early life Harshad Shantilal Mehta was born in a Gujarati Jain family of modest means. His early childhood was spent in Mumbai where his father was a small-time businessman. Later, the family moved to Raipur in Madhya Pradesh after doctors advised his father to move to a drier place on account of his indifferent health. But Raipur could not hold back Mehta for long and he was back in the city after completing his schooling. Stock Market Scandal Mehta gradually rose to become a stock broker on the Bombay Stock Exchange and ived almost like a movie star in a 15,000 square feet apartment, which had a swimming pool as well as a golf patch. He also had a taste for flashy cars, which ultimately led to his downfall. The year was 1990. Years had gone by and the driving ambitions of a young man in the faceless crowd had been realised. Harshad Mehta was making waves in the stock market. He had been buying shares heavily since the beginning of 1990. The shares which attracted attention were those of Associated Cement Company (ACC). The price of ACC was bid up to Rs 10,000. For those who asked, Mehta had the replacement cost theory as an explanation. The theory basically argues that old companies should be valued on the basis of the amount of money which would be required to create another such company. Through the second half of 1991, Mehta was the darling of the business media and earned the sobriquet of the Big Bull, who was said to have started the Bull Run. But, where was Mehta getting his endless supply of money from? Nobody had a clue. On April 23, 1992, Journalist Sucheta Dalal in a column in The Times of India, exposed the dubious ways of Harshad Metha. The broker was dipping illegally into the banking system to inance his buying. In 1992, when I broke the story about the Rs 600 crore that he had swiped from the State Bank of India, it was his visits to the banks headquarters in a flashy Toyota Lexus that was the tip-off. Those days, the Lexus had Just been launched in the international market and importing it cost a neat package, Dalal wrote in one of her columns later. The authors explain: The crucial mechanism essence a secured short-term (typically 1 5-day) loan from one bank to another. Crudely put, the bank lends against government securities Just as a pawnbroker lends against Jewellery. The borrowing bank actually sells the securities to the lending bank and buys them back at the end of the period of the loan, typically at a slightly higher price. It was this ready forward deal that Harshad Mehta and his cronies used with great success to channel money from the banking system. A typical ready forward deal involved two banks brought together by a broker in lieu of a commission. The broker handles neither the cash nor the securities, though that wasnt the case in the lead-up to the scam. In this settlement process, deliveries of securities and payments were made through the broker. That is, the seller handed over the securities to the broker, who passed them to the buyer, while the buyer gave the cheque to the broker, who then made the payment to the seller. In this settlement process, the buyer and the seller might not even know whom they had traded with, either being know only to the broker. This the brokers could manage primarily because by now they had become market makers and had started trading on their account. To keep up a semblance of legality, they pretended to be undertaking the transactions on behalf of a bank. Another instrument used in a big way was the bank receipt (BR). In a ready forward deal, securities were not moved back and forth in actu ality. Instead, the borrower, i. e. the seller of securities, gave the buyer of the securities a BR. As the authors write, a BR confirms the sale of securities. It acts as a receipt for the money received by the selling bank. Hence the name bank receipt. It promises to deliver the securities to the buyer. It also states that in the mean time, the seller holds the securities in trust of the buyer. Having figured this out, Mehtha needed banks, which could issue fake BRs, or BRs not backed by any government securities. Two small and little known banks the Bank of Karad (80K) and the Metorpolitan Co-operative Bank (MCB) came in handy for this purpose. These banks were willing to issue BRs as and when required, for a fee, the authors point out. Once these fake BRs were issued, they were passed on to other banks and the banks in turn gave money to Mehta, obviously assuming that they were lending against government securities when this was not really the case. This money was used to drive up the prices of stocks in the stock market. When time came to return the money, the shares were sold for a profit and the BR was retired. The money due to the bank was returned. The game went on as long as the stock prices kept going up, and no one had a clue about Mehtas modus operand. Once the scam was exposed though, a lot of banks were left holding BRs which did not have any value the banking system had been swindled of a whopping Rs 4,000 crore. Mehta made a brief comeback as a stock market guru, giving tips on his own website as well as a weekly newspaper column. This time around, he was in cahoots with owners of a few companies and recommended only those shares. This game, too, did not last long. l] Interestingly, by the time he died, Mehta had been convicted in only one of the many cases filed against him. Till now, it is still unknown what was the real story behind the entire scam. The recent Hindi movie Gafla showed this scam in a different perspective. [2] ANOTHER ONE. Harshad Mehta died of a massive heart attack in 2001 , while the legal issues were still being litigated. father was a small businessman. His mothers name was Rasilaben Mehta. His early childhood was spent in the industrial city of Bombay. Due to indifferent health of Harshads father in the humid environs of Bombay, the family shifted their residence n the mid-1960s to Raipur, then in Madhya Pradesh and currently the capital of Chattisgarh state. An Amul advertisement of 1999 during the conterversy over MUL saying it as The Big Bhool (Bhool in Hindi means Blunder) He studied at the Holy Cross High School, located at Byron Bazaar. After completing his secondary education Harshad left for Bombay. While doing odd Jobs he Joined Lala LaJpat Rai College for a Bachelors degree in Commerce. After completing his graduation, Harshad Mehta started his working life as an employee of the New India Assurance Company. During his period his family relocated to Bombay and his brother Ashwin Mehta started to pursue graduation course in law at Lala LaJpat Rai College. His youngest brother Hitesh is a practising surgeon at the B. Y. L. Nair Hospital in Bombay. After his graduation Ashwin Joined (ICICI) Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India. They had rented a small flat in Ghatkopar for living. In the late seventies every evening Harshad and Ashwin started to analyze tips generated from respective offices and from cyclostyled investment letters, which had made their appearance during that time. In the early eighties he quit his Job and sought a Job with stock broker P. Ambalal affiliated to Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) before becoming a jobber on BSE for stock broker P. D. Shukla. In 1981 he became a sub-broker for stock brokers J. L. Shah and Nandalal Sheth. After a while he was unable to sustain his overbought positions and decided to pay his dues by selling his house with consent of his mother Rasilaben and brother Ashwin. The next day Harshad went to his brokers and offered the papers of the house as guarantee. The brokers Shah and Sheth were moved by his gesture and gave him sufficient time to overcome his osition. After he came out of this big struggle for survival he became stronger and his brother quit his Job to team with Harshad to start their venture GrowMore Research and Asset Management Company Limited. While a brokers card at BSE was being auctioned, the company made a bid for the same with financial assistance from Shah and Sheth, who were Harshads previous broker mentors. He rose and survived the bear runs, this earned him the nickname of the Big Bull of the trading floor, and his actions, actual or perceived, decided the course of the movement of the Sensex as well as scrip-specific activities. By the end of eighties the media started projecting him as Stock Market Success, Story of Rags to Riches and he too started to fuel his own publicity. He felt proud of this accomplishments and showed off his success to journalists through his mansion Madhuli, which included a billiards room, mini theatre and nine hole golf course. His brand new Toyota Lexus and a fleet of cars gave credibility to his show off. This in no time made him the nondescript broker to super star of financial world. During his heyday, in the early 1990s, Harshad Mehta commanded a large resource of funds and finances as well as personal wealth. The fall was all along considered as the architect of the bull run was blamed for the crash. It transpired that he had manipulated the Indian banking systems to siphon off the funds from the banking system, and used the liquidity to build large positions in a select group of stocks. When the scam broke out, he was called upon by the banks and the financial institutions to return the funds, which in turn set into motion a chain reaction, necessitating liquidating and exiting from the positions which he had built in various stocks. The panic reaction ensued, and the stock market reacted and crashed within days. He was arrested on June 5, 1992 for his role in the scam. His favorite stocks included ACC Apollo Tyres Reliance -rata Iron and steel co. (TISCO) BPL Sterlite Videocon. The extent The Harshad Mehta induced security scam, as the media sometimes termed it, adversely affected at least 10 major commercial banks of India, a number of foreign banks operating in India, and the National Housing Bank, a subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India, which is the central bank of India. As an aftermath of the shockwaves which engulfed the Indian financial sector, a number of people holding key positions n the Indias financial sector were adversely affected, which included arrest and sacking of K. M. Margabandhu, then CMD of the UCO Bank; removal from office of V. Mahadevan, one of the Managing Directors of Indias largest bank, the State Bank of India. The end The Central Bureau of Investigation which is Indias premier investigative agency, was entrusted with the task of deciphering the modus operandi and the ramifications of the scam. Harshad Mehta was arrested and investigations continued for a decade. During his Judicial custody, while he was in Thane Prison, Mumbai, he complained of hest pain, and was moved to a hospital, where he died on 31st December 2001. His death remains a mystery. Some believe that he was murdered ruthlessly by an underworld nexus (spanning several South Asian countries including Pakistan). Rumour has it that they suspected that part of the huge wealth that Harshad Mehta commanded at the height of the 1992 scam was still in safe hiding and thought that the only way to extract their share of the loot was to pressurise Harshads family by threatening his very existence. In this context, it might be noteworthy that a certain riminal allegedly connected with this nexus had inexplicably surrendered Just days after Harshad was moved to Thane Jail and landed up in imprisonment in the same jail, in the cell next to Harshad Mehtas. Mumbai: Just as the year 2001 was coming to an end, Harshad Shantilal Mehta, boss of Growmore Research and Asset Management, died of a massive heart attack in a jail in Thane. And thus came to an end the life of a man who is probably the most The Great Indian Scam: Story of the missing Rs 4,000 crore, Samir K Barua and Jayanth R Varma explain how Harshad Mehta pulled off one of the most audacious cams in the history of the Indian stock market. Harshad Shantilal Mehta was born in a Gujarati Jain family of modest means. His early childhood was spent in Mumbai where his father was a small-time businessman. Later, the family moved to Raipur in Madhya Pradesh after doctors advised his father to move to a drier place on account of his indifferent health. But Raipur could not hold back Mehta for long and he was back in the city after completing his schooling, much against his fathers wishes. Mehta first started working as a dispatch clerk in the New India Assurance Company. Over the years, he got interested in the stock markets and along with brother Ashwin, who by then had left his Job with the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, started investing heavily in the stock market. As they learnt the ropes of the trade, they went from boom to bust a couple of times and survived. Mehta gradually rose to become a stock broker on the Bombay Stock Exchange, who did very well for himself. At his peak, he lived almost like a movie star in a 15,000 square feet house, which had a swimming pool as well as a golf patch. He also had a taste for flashy cars, which ultimately led to his downfall. Ђ Newsmakers of the week: View Slideshow The year was 1990. Years had gone by and the driving ambitions of a young man in the faceless crowd had been realised. Harshad Mehta was making waves in the stock market. He had been buying shares heavily since the beginning of 1990. The shares which attracted attention were those of Associated Cement Company (ACC), write the authors. The price of ACC was bid up to Rs 10,000. For those who asked, Mehta had the replacement cost theory as an explanation. The theory basically argues that old companies should be valued on the basis of the amount of money which would be equired to create another such company. Through the second half of 1991, Mehta was the darling of the business media and earned the sobriquet of the Big Bull, who was said to have started the bull run. But, where was Mehta getting his endless supply of money from? Nobody had a clue. On April 23, 1992, Journalist Sucheta Dalal in a column in The Times of India, exposed the dubious ways of Harshad Metha. The broker was dipping illegally into the banking system to finance his buying. In 1992, when I broke the story about the Rs 600 crore that he had swiped from the State Bank of India, it was his visits to the banks headquarters in a flashy Toyota Lexus that was the tip-off. Those days, the Lexus had Just been launched in the international market and importing it cost a neat package, Dalal wrote in one of her columns later. The authors explain: The crucial mechanism through which the scam was effected was the ready forward (RF) deal. The RF is in essence a secured short-term (typically 1 5-day) loan from one bank to another. Crudely put, the bank lends against government securities Just as a pawnbroker lends against Jewellery. The borrowing ank actually sells the securities to the lending bank and buys them back at the end of the period of the loan, typically at a slightly higher price. It was this ready forward deal that Harshad Mehta and his cronies used with great success to channel money from the banking system. A typical ready forward deal involved two banks brought together by a broker in lieu of a commission. The broker handles neither the cash nor the securities, though that wasnt the case in the lead-up to the scam. In this broker. That is, the seller handed over the securities to the broker, who passed them o the buyer, while the buyer gave the cheque to the broker, who then made the payment to the seller. In this settlement process, the buyer and the seller might not even know whom they had traded with, either being know only to the broker. This the brokers could manage primarily because by now they had become market makers and had started trading on their account. To keep up a semblance of legality, they pretended to be undertaking the transactions on behalf of a bank. Another instrument used in a big way was the bank receipt (BR). In a ready forward deal, securities were not moved back and forth in actuality. Instead, the borrower, i. e. the seller of securities, gave the buyer of t he securities a BR. As the authors write, a BR confirms the sale of securities. It acts as a receipt for the money received by the selling bank. Hence the name bank receipt. It promises to deliver the securities to the buyer. It also states that in the mean time, the seller holds the securities in trust of the buyer. Having fgured this out, Metha needed banks, which could issue fake BRs, or BRs not backed by any government securities. Two small and little known banks the Bank of Karad (80K) and the Metorpolitan Co-operative Bank (MCB) ame in handy for this purpose. These banks were willing to issue BRs as and when required, for a fee, the authors point out. Once these fake BRs were issued, they were passed on to other banks and the banks in turn gave money to Mehta, obviously assuming that they were lending against government securities when this was not really the case. This money was used to drive up the prices of stocks in the stock market. When time came to return the money, the shares were sold for a profit and the BR was retired. The money due to the bank was returned. The game went on as ong as the stock prices kept going up, and no one had a clue about Mehtas modus operand. Once the scam was exposed, though, a lot of banks were left holding BRs which did not have any value the banking system had been swindled of a whopping Rs 4,000 crore. Mehta made a brief comeback as a stock market guru, giving tips on his own website as well as a weekly newspaper column. This time around, he was in cahoots with owners of a few companies and recommended only those shares. This game, too, did not last long. Interestingly, however, by the time he died, Mehta had been convicted in only one of the many cases filed against him.